Knobby Brain Coral (LPS) (Diploria clivosa)
| Knobby Brain Coral (LPS) Diploria clivosa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Name | Knobby Brain Coral (LPS) |
| Name Lat. | Diploria clivosa |
| Synonym | Pseudodiploria clivosa |
| Family | Brain Corals |
| Family lat. | Faviidae |
| Order | Stony Corals |
| Order lat. | Scleractinia |
| Origin | Caribbean Sea |
| Diet | Autotrophic, planktivore |
| pH | 8.1-8.4 |
| Hardness | 8-12 °KH |
| Lighting | High |
| Current | Strong |
| Behavior | Peaceful |
| Keeping | Colony |
| Care Level | Moderate |
| Life Span | N/A |
| Protection | CITES Appendix II; EC Annex B |
| Metric Units | |
| Size | < 25 cm |
| Temperature | 23-28 °C |
| Salinity | 33-36 ‰ |
| Aquarium | 200 l |
| US Units | |
| Size | < 9.8" |
| Temperature | 73-82 °F |
| Salinity | 1.020-1.025 sg |
| Aquarium | 50 gal |
Distribution and habitat
Diploria clivosa belongs to the LPS (Large Polyp Scleractinia) group. This reef-building coral is widely distributed in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and Bermuda. They prefer to live in shallow water exposed to currents, except for the surf zone, where they occur in different colors according to their origin.
Maintenance
They should be positioned in a place with high light intensity and strong, alternating current. Only high-calcium, heavy metal-free substrates should be used as substrate. To ensure water quality, filters, skimmers and heaters are necessary, as well as pumps to simulate tides, swells and bottom currents. It is recommended that live stones be used to set up the aquarium. The bacteria living in the porous stones act as a biological filter. The lighting must correspond to the species-appropriate day-night rhythm of the animals
| Salinity: 33-36 ‰ | pH value: 8.1-8.4 |
| Carbonate hardness: 8-12 °KH | Nitrate content: 2-8 mg/l |
| calcium content: 420-450 mg/l | Nitrite content: 0.0-0.05 mg/l |
| Magnesium content: 1.250-1.350 mg/l | phosphate content: 0.01-0.1 mg/l |
Regular addition of trace elements, especially calcium, magnesium and strontium is recommended. For salinity, an average value should be aimed for, which may only vary slightly by +/- 0.5 ‰. Ammonia and ammonium must not be measurable. Special attention shall be paid to consistently good water quality and water values.
Diet
Zooxanthellae, which are unicellular symbiotic algae, live in their tissue and provide them with assimilation products of their photosynthesis (high light requirement). The zooxanthellae promote growth and provide additional food to the plankton and small particles that are collected in large quantities from the water current. Thus, in addition to the food produced in the aquarium during fish feeding (mysis, krill, Artemia, etc.), commercially available supplementary food in the form of phyto- and zooplankton should be offered regularly
Regular and varied feeding promotes health and prevents deficiency symptoms.
Behaviour and compatibility
They should not be kept with fish that regard their polyps as food (e.g. angelfish or butterflyfish). They are well tolerated with other corals, but sufficient distance must be kept from cnidarians.
Reproduction and breeding
In nature, reproduction is sexual via marine larval stages. In the aquarium they can be reproduced conditionally by fragmentation. Fragments are fixed in the reef structure, e.g. with a good two-component coral glue (epoxy).
Species protection
Species protection: WA Appendix II; EU Appendix B. The proof of purchase is the required proof of origin for the animal. Please keep it safe! Your pet store will be happy to provide you with further information.
Important
These fast growing corals form large colonies, usually spherical in shape, with fine even brain structure due to connected corallites. Some species can reach up to several meters in diameter. The additional illumination with actinic light (short-wave, violet-blue light) is very beneficial for their growth (zooxanthellae).
A calcium reactor and magnesium metering pump are recommended for the necessary steady supply of calcium carbonate and magnesium. Too high temperature, insufficient lighting or current as well as sudden change of water values can lead to tissue decay (RTN - rapid tissue necrosis). When purchasing, look for pressure marks or other tissue damage. Newly introduced animals must be accustomed slowly to the water in the aquarium
If different species are kept together, make sure that fish and invertebrates match each other in terms of water quality and temperature requirements as well as their social behavior, and that the setup meets the ecological needs of all species kept together. Further literature can be found in your pet store.
References
Text: petdata; Image: Werner Winter
Source: ENGELMANN & LANGE (2011): Zootierhaltung - Tiere in menschlicher Obhut: Wirbellose, Verlag Harri Deutsch; VERON (2000): Corals of the world, Australian Institute of Marine Science