Brown Pearlscale Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)

Brown Pearlscale Goldfish Carassius auratus auratus
Name	Brown Pearlscale Goldfish
Name Lat.	Carassius auratus auratus
Family	Carps
Family lat.	Cyprinidae
Order	Carps
Order lat.	Cypriniformes
Origin	Asia (breeding variety)
Habitat	Aquarium
Diet	Omnivore
pH	6.0-8.0
Behavior	Peaceful
Keeping	Group
Care Level	Easy
Reproduction	Egg scatterer
Breeding	Moderately difficult
Life Span	8-15 years
Protection	No
Metric Units
Size	8-12 cm
Temperature	10-24 °C
Hardness	10-30 °dH
Aquarium	100 l
US Units
Size	3.1"-4.7"
Temperature	50-75 °F
Hardness	178-534 ppm
Aquarium	25 gal

Distribution and habitat

Already in the 11th century in China from red-gold color morphs of the silver crucian carp, according to other sources from the gable, the goldfish was bred out. Veil tails, goldfish with a squat body shape and split tail fin, have existed in China since the 15th century. Via Japan, the veiltail, bred in many different varieties, spread worldwide.

Maintenance

The aquarium should have hardy plants, a decoration of roots and stones, sufficient swimming space and a substrate of round-grained gravel and sand.

No ammonia, ammonium and nitrite should be detectable, the nitrate value should not exceed 100 mg/l. To ensure the water quality and oxygen content, a filter adapted to the aquarium size is required, as well as lighting for the species-appropriate day-night rhythm of the animals.

Diet

They are easy to feed. The food supply consists mainly of commercial special dry food for goldfish, such as flakes, sticks or granules with low protein content (below 30%). In addition, they require plant food, such as aquatic plants (Elodea densa, Cabomba caroliniana, Rizzia flutians, etc.) or scalded leaves (spinach, dandelion) or dry food with plant ingredients (spirulina). Occasionally live food such as daphnia, cyclops, tubifex and mosquito larvae should be offered, which is also accepted without problems in frozen form. It is recommended to feed small portions several times a day, which are eaten within a few minutes. Regular and varied feeding promotes health and prevents deficiency symptoms.

Behaviour and compatibility

Veiltails are calm, peaceful and sociable fish that do not exhibit any aggressive or incompatible behaviors. At least 5 veiltails should be kept together.

In principle, only mutually compatible fish species with similar requirements for water conditions and water temperature may be socialized.

Sex dimorphism

The sexes are difficult to distinguish. Males are slightly more slender and have a concave (indented) anal opening

Reproduction and breeding

After a pronounced courtship behavior, up to 1,000 and often even more eggs are laid. The larvae hatch after five days.

Fry must be fed several times a day with special rearing food. In community tanks breeding is hardly possible, because the spawn is easy prey.

Important

Characteristic naming feature of all pearl scuppers are the dome-shaped scales, which are arranged in rows along the body as if on a chain

Veiltails were bred in China for supervisory tanks, they show their special beauty when viewed from above. They require warmth and are therefore not suitable for year-round keeping in garden ponds

The well-being of the fish should be checked regularly. Temperature should be checked daily, pH, hardness and nitrate levels at least every 14 days. A regular partial water change is recommended, even if the pollutant load has not yet reached the upper limit. Sudden changes in water quality should be avoided. Newly introduced fish must be accustomed slowly to the water in the aquarium.

The fish must not be kept in spherical containers.

Further literature can be found in your pet store.

References

Text: petdata; Image: petdata

Source: BMELV (1998): Tierschutzgutachten - Haltung von Zierfischen (Süßwasser); RIEHL & BAENSCH (2006): Aquarien Atlas Bd. 1, Mergus Verlag; ENGELMANN (2005): Zootierhaltung - Tiere in menschlicher Obhut: Fische; Harri Deutsch Verlag

• Gemäß § 21 Abs. 5 Tierschutzgesetz idgF