Everglades Pygmy Sunfish (Elassoma evergladei)

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Everglades Pygmy Sunfish
Elassoma evergladei
Everglades Pygmy Sunfish (Elassoma evergladei)
Name Everglades Pygmy Sunfish
Name Lat. Elassoma evergladei
Family Pygmy Sunfishes
Family lat. Elassomatidae
Order Basses
Order lat. Centrarchiformes
Origin North America
Habitat Streams, ponds
Diet Omnivore
pH 6.5-7.5
Behavior Peaceful
Keeping Group
Care Level Moderate
Reproduction Egg scatterer
Breeding Moderately difficult
Life Span 5-8 years
Protection No
Metric Units
Size 3.5 cm
Temperature 15-25 °C
Hardness 5-15 °dH
Aquarium ~ 50 l
US Units
Size 1.4"
Temperature 59-77 °F
Hardness 89-267 ppm
Aquarium ~ 15 gal

Distribution and habitat

The distribution area of the Black Dwarf Bass is the southeastern USA, from North Carolina to Florida. There they live in shallow, weedy flowing waters as well as in ponds and pools with dense underwater vegetation and muddy bottoms.

Maintenance

The aquarium should have a dense border and background planting, with roots and stones that serve as a hiding and retreat opportunity and offer free swimming space. A dark, sandy substrate covered with some foliage (sea almond tree, oak), a weak current and soft to medium hard water is ideal.

No ammonia, ammonium and nitrite should be detectable, the nitrate value should not exceed 100 mg/l. To ensure the water quality and oxygen content, a filter and heater adapted to the aquarium size is required, as well as lighting for the species-appropriate day-night rhythm of the animals.

Diet

The food supply consists of live food, such as daphnia, cyclops, artemia, mysis, tubifex and red mosquito larvae, which is also accepted in frozen form without any problems, or a commercially available frozen special food mixture supplemented with some vegetable food such as algae leaves. Also high-quality dry food (pellets, granules) is usually well accepted.

It is recommended to feed small portions several times a day. Regular and varied feeding promotes health and increases resistance. Only as much should be fed as is eaten immediately (in a maximum of 10 minutes).

Behaviour and compatibility

Black Dwarf Cichlids should be kept in pairs or in a group of 4-5 individuals. They occupy a small territory which they defend, so keeping several pairs or a group is only recommended in a larger and richly structured tank. They can also be socialized with other calm, not too large fish.

Basically, only compatible fish species with similar demands on water condition and water temperature should be socialized.

Sex dimorphism

The males have a strong black coloration, while the female is inconspicuous brownish.

Reproduction and breeding

The female spawns 40-60 eggs between water plants, which are guarded by the male. After 2-3 days the larvae hatch and after another 5-6 days, when the yolk sac is consumed, the young fish swim free. They are already sexually mature after about 3 months.

Fry must be fed several times a day with special rearing food (liquid or dust food, Artemia nauplii). In community tanks breeding is hardly possible, because the young fish are easy prey.

Important

In the summer months it is possible to keep them in the pond. They are not hardy and therefore not suitable for year-round keeping in the garden pond.

They show their most beautiful coloration by feeding with live food

The foliage (sea almond tree, oak, etc.) not only provides cover, but when rotting promotes the development of microorganisms, which are a valuable secondary food source.

The well-being of the fish should be monitored regularly. Temperature should be checked daily, pH, hardness and nitrate levels at least every 14 days. Regular partial water changes are recommended, even when contaminant levels have not yet reached the upper limit. Sudden changes in water quality should be avoided. Newly introduced fish must be accustomed slowly to the water in the aquarium.

Further literature can be found in your pet store.

References

Text: Werner Winter; Image: petdata

Source: BMELV (1998): Tierschutzgutachten - Haltung von Zierfischen (Süßwasser); RIEHL & BAENSCH (2006): Aquarien Atlas Bd. 1, Mergus Verlag; ENGELMANN (2005): Zootierhaltung - Tiere in menschlicher Obhut: Fische, Verlag Harri Deutsch

  • Gemäß § 21 Abs. 5 Tierschutzgesetz idgF