Rio Negro Pleco (Hypostomus carinatus)

Rio Negro Pleco Hypostomus carinatus
Name	Rio Negro Pleco
Name Lat.	Hypostomus carinatus
Synonym	Plecostomus carinatus, L166
Family	Suckermouth Armoured Catfishes
Family lat.	Loricariidae
Order	Catfishes
Order lat.	Siluriformes
Origin	Brazil
Habitat	Streams, rivers
Diet	Omnivore, soft wood
pH	6.0-8.0
Behavior	Nocturnal, peaceful
Keeping	Individual, group
Care Level	Experts only
Reproduction	Substrate spawner
Breeding	None reported
Life Span	5-10 years
Protection	No
Metric Units
Size	25-30 cm
Temperature	24-29 °C
Hardness	1-15 °dH
Aquarium	~ 400 l
US Units
Size	10"-12"
Temperature	75-84 °F
Hardness	18-267 ppm
Aquarium	~ 100 gal

Distribution and habitat

The distribution area of the Rio Negro Shield Catfish is the river system of the lower Rio Negro and the middle Amazon in Brazil. They live in rivers and streams, preferably in sections with low currents. Roots protruding into the water, sunken logs and branches serve as their habitat.

Maintenance

The aquarium should have robust planting, with roots and branches that provide hiding places and are also part of their diet, as well as caves and a sandy substrate. Subdued light and a weak current is ideal.

No ammonia, ammonium and nitrite should be detectable, and the nitrate value should not exceed 100 mg/l. To ensure the water quality and oxygen content, a filter and heater adapted to the aquarium size is required, as well as lighting for the species-appropriate day-night rhythm of the animals.

Diet

They eat the vegetable cover (growth) of stones, wood, plants, etc. and the microorganisms contained therein. For a balanced diet, feed once a day with a high-quality dry food for loricariid catfish (granules, pellets, chips, tablets), supplemented with algae leaves, soft wood and fresh vegetables, such as zucchini, broccoli, bruised peas or scalded spinach, plus zooplankton, cyclops, daphnia, artemia, mosquito larvae, etc. (live or frozen)

Feed only as much as will be eaten within a few minutes, excluding plant foods. Regular and varied feeding promotes good health.

Behaviour and compatibility

They are crepuscular and nocturnal. Older animals sometimes behave intra-species territorial, without serious confrontations. Multiple animals should only be kept in large and richly structured tanks. They are very peaceful towards other fish and can be socialized well with larger fish.

Basically, only compatible fish species with similar demands on water quality and water temperature should be socialized

Sex dimorphism

There are no known external distinguishing characteristics.

Reproduction and breeding

There are no known reports of successful breeding in the aquarium.

Important

Aquarium plants basically do not serve as food for them, but they can be damaged or uprooted. They have a strong sucking mouth, with spoon-shaped teeth for scraping off wood, and intestinal flora that enables the fish to digest the cellulose.

When fishing, use the finest mesh nets possible to avoid snagging the hard rays of the pectoral fins or the skin teeth (odontodes) on the bone plates, which can cause painful puncture wounds when touched.

The well-being of the fish should be checked regularly. Temperature should be checked daily, pH, hardness and nitrate levels at least every 14 days. Regular partial water changes are recommended, even when contaminant levels have not yet reached the upper limit. Sudden changes in water quality should be avoided. Newly introduced fish must be accustomed slowly to the water in the aquarium.

Further literature can be found in your pet store.

References

Text: Werner Winter; Image: Franz Lowak

Source: BMELV (1998): Tierschutzgutachten - Haltung von Zierfischen (Süßwasser); WERNER, LECHNER & SCHMIDT (2005): L-Welse, Bede-Verlag; ENGELMANN (2005): Zootierhaltung - Tiere in menschlicher Obhut: Fische, Verlag Harri Deutsch; RIEHL & BAENSCH (2004): Aquarien Atlas Bd. 3, Mergus Verlag

• Gemäß § 21 Abs. 5 Tierschutzgesetz idgF